How Buildings Learn: What Happens After They're Built

Noah Brier

Brand adapted Frank Duffy's work into a kind of proto-pace layer framework, expanding it to six S's and noting that 'Because of the different rates of change of its components, a building is always tearing itself apart.'

Colin Nagy

Brand proposes that "...buildings adapt best when constantly refined and reshaped by their occupants, and that architects can mature from being artists of space to becoming artists of time...More than any other human artifacts, buildings improve with time—if they’re allowed to." The book shows how to work with time rather than against it.